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[...] Race and ethnicity are the most minor differences of all. The human geneticists Walter Bodmer and Luigi Cavalli-Sforza have noted a paradox about race. Among laypeople, race is lamentably salient, but for biologists it is virtually invisible. 85% percent of human genetic variation consists of the differences between one person and another within the same ethnic group, tribe, or nation. Another 8% is between ethnic groups, and a mere 7% is between "races". In other words, the genetic difference between, say, two randomly picked Swedes is about twelve times as large as as the genetic difference between the average of Swedes and the average of Apaches or Warlpiris. Bodmer and Cavalli-Sforza suggest that the illusion is the result of an unfortunate coincidence. Many of the systematic differences among races are adaptations to climate: melanin protects skin against the tropical sun, eyelid folds insulate eyes from dry cold and snow. But the skin, the part of the body seen by the weather, is also the part of the body seen by other people. Race is, quite literally, skin-deep, but to the extent that perceivers generalize from external to internal differences, nature has duped them into thinking that race is important. The X-ray vision of the molecular geneticist reveals the unity of our species. [2.12.00] lugaralgum / liaisons / blog / Alexandre Villares
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